Beto-12 1mg/ml 2 amp.
بيتو-12 1 مجم / مل 2 امبول
Cyanocobalamine
Unit price: 5.50 EGP
Specifications
Uses & Indications
Cyanocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12, is primarily used for the treatment and prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency. This deficiency can arise from various causes, including pernicious anemia (an autoimmune condition preventing B12 absorption), malabsorption syndromes (such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, or post-gastrectomy states), strict vegan diets lacking B12 sources, and certain metabolic disorders. It is essential for red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and neurological function.
How It Works
Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12. Once administered, it is converted into its active coenzyme forms, methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. These active forms are crucial cofactors for two major enzymes in the human body: methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase. Methionine synthase is vital for the synthesis of methionine, which is involved in DNA and RNA synthesis and methylation reactions. Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. A deficiency in vitamin B12 impairs these pathways, leading to megaloblastic anemia and potential neurological damage.
Dosage & Administration
spray
Adults: Typically 500 mcg (one spray) into one nostril once weekly. The dosage may be adjusted by a healthcare professional based on individual vitamin B12 levels and clinical response.
Children: Not commonly recommended for routine use in children. Consult a physician for specific guidance and appropriate dosing if considered necessary.
tablet
Adults: For dietary deficiency: 1000-2000 mcg daily (oral or sublingual forms). For pernicious anemia: 1000-2000 mcg daily (sublingual or high-dose oral forms may be effective in some cases due to passive absorption, but injections are often preferred for severe malabsorption or confirmed pernicious anemia).
Children: For dietary deficiency: 500-1000 mcg daily. Dosing should be determined by a physician based on the child's specific needs and condition.
injectable
Adults: For pernicious anemia: Typically 1000 mcg (1 mg) intramuscularly or subcutaneously daily for 7 days, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly for life. For severe deficiency, higher initial doses may be used. For dietary deficiency: 100 mcg daily for 5-10 days, then 100-200 mcg monthly.
Children: For pernicious anemia: 30-50 mcg daily for 2 or more weeks (total 1000-5000 mcg), then 100 mcg monthly. For dietary deficiency: 10-50 mcg daily for 5-10 days, then 100 mcg monthly. Dosing should be determined by a physician based on the child's specific needs and condition.
Side Effects
- Diarrhea (less than 10%)
- Headache (less than 10%)
- Nausea (less than 10%)
- Mild itching or rash (less than 5%)
- Pain or swelling at the injection site (for injectable form, less than 5%)
Serious Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria, rash) – rare
- Hypokalemia (low potassium levels), particularly during initial treatment of severe megaloblastic anemia – rare
- Congestive heart failure (in patients with pre-existing heart conditions) – very rare
- Exacerbation of polycythemia vera – very rare
- Optic nerve atrophy (in patients with Leber's disease) – very rare
Contraindications
Cyanocobalamin is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to cyanocobalamin, cobalt, or any component of the formulation. It is also contraindicated in patients with Leber's disease (hereditary optic nerve atrophy) due to the risk of severe and rapid optic atrophy.
Drug Interactions
Several medications can interfere with vitamin B12 absorption or efficacy. Chloramphenicol may decrease the hematologic response to vitamin B12 in patients with pernicious anemia. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) and H2-receptor antagonists (e.g., ranitidine) can reduce the absorption of dietary vitamin B12. Metformin, particularly with long-term use and higher doses, can decrease vitamin B12 absorption. Other drugs that may reduce oral vitamin B12 absorption include colchicine, neomycin, and aminosalicylic acid. Large doses of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) taken concurrently with oral vitamin B12 may degrade B12; it is advisable to separate administration by at least 2 hours.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Category: A
Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient during pregnancy, and deficiency can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The recommended daily intake during pregnancy is 2.6 mcg. Supplementation at physiological doses is generally considered safe and necessary for women with deficiency. Higher doses, especially injectable forms, should be used under medical supervision, although no evidence of harm has been established in humans.
Storage
Store cyanocobalamin products at room temperature, typically between 20-25°C (68-77°F), away from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep all medications out of the reach of children.
Clinical Tips
Regular monitoring of vitamin B12 levels and complete blood counts is important during treatment to assess efficacy and adjust dosage. Patients diagnosed with pernicious anemia will require lifelong treatment with vitamin B12. Adherence to the prescribed regimen is crucial for preventing the recurrence of symptoms and potential neurological damage. Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you experience any unusual or severe side effects, or if you have questions about your treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long do I need to take vitamin B12 injections?
The duration of vitamin B12 treatment depends on the cause of the deficiency. For conditions like pernicious anemia, lifelong treatment with monthly injections is typically required. For dietary deficiencies, treatment might be for a shorter period, followed by oral supplementation. Consult your doctor for personalized advice.
Can I take oral vitamin B12 instead of injections?
For many people with dietary vitamin B12 deficiency, high-dose oral or sublingual tablets can be effective. However, for conditions like pernicious anemia or severe malabsorption, injections are often necessary to ensure adequate absorption. Your doctor will determine the most appropriate form for your specific condition.
What foods are rich in vitamin B12?
Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products. Good sources include meat (especially liver), fish (salmon, tuna), poultry, eggs, and dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt). Fortified cereals and nutritional yeasts can also provide B12 for vegetarians and vegans.
What happens if I miss a dose of my vitamin B12?
If you miss a dose of vitamin B12, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to catch up. Consistent dosing is important, especially for ongoing conditions, so contact your doctor or pharmacist if you frequently miss doses.
Are there any side effects of taking too much vitamin B12?
Vitamin B12 is water-soluble, meaning excess amounts are typically excreted in urine. Serious side effects from high doses are rare. However, some individuals may experience mild side effects like headache, nausea, or diarrhea. Always adhere to the prescribed dosage and consult your doctor if you have concerns.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information provided is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting or changing any medication.