Normal saline 0.9% inj. 500 ml
نورمال سالين 0.9% 500 مل
Sodium chloride
Unit price: 24.00 EGP
Specifications
Uses & Indications
Sodium chloride is an essential electrolyte used for various medical purposes. Injectable forms are primarily used for fluid and electrolyte replacement, treating dehydration (e.g., isotonic 0.9% sodium chloride solution), and as a vehicle for administering other intravenous medications. Hypertonic solutions (e.g., 3% sodium chloride) are used in specific cases of severe symptomatic hyponatremia. Nasal drops are used to relieve nasal dryness, congestion, and to facilitate mucus clearance. Ophthalmic drops are used to reduce corneal edema and provide lubrication for dry eyes. Oral rehydration salt (ORS) sachets, when dissolved in water, are used to prevent and treat dehydration due to diarrhea or vomiting. Sodium chloride tablets are used to treat or prevent salt depletion, which can occur in conditions like adrenal insufficiency, excessive sweating, or heat cramps. Topical solutions are used for wound cleansing, irrigation, and moistening surgical dressings.
How It Works
Sodium chloride provides essential sodium and chloride ions, which are critical for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, osmotic pressure, and acid-base balance in the body. Sodium is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid and plays a key role in nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and maintaining blood volume and pressure. Chloride is the major extracellular anion and is involved in maintaining electrical neutrality and gastric acid production. When administered, sodium chloride replenishes these ions, helping to restore normal physiological functions and fluid distribution.
Dosage & Administration
drops
Adults: Nasal drops: 1-2 sprays or drops into each nostril as needed. Ophthalmic drops: 1-2 drops in the affected eye(s) 3-4 times daily or as directed by a physician.
Children: Nasal drops: 1-2 sprays or drops into each nostril as needed. Ophthalmic drops: 1-2 drops in the affected eye(s) 3-4 times daily or as directed by a physician. For infants, consult a pediatrician.
sachet
Adults: Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS): Dissolve one sachet in 200-240 mL of clean, potable water (as per product instructions) and consume as needed to replace fluid loss. Nasal irrigation: Dissolve one sachet in 240 mL of distilled or previously boiled water, use as directed for nasal rinse.
Children: Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS): Dosage depends on age and degree of dehydration. For mild-moderate dehydration, typically 50-100 mL/kg over 4 hours, followed by maintenance. Consult a pediatrician for specific dosing. Nasal irrigation: Same as adults, with adult supervision.
tablet
Adults: For salt depletion: Typically 1-2 grams orally 2-3 times daily, or as directed by a physician, based on individual needs and serum sodium levels.
Children: Not routinely recommended without specific medical indication and close supervision. Dosage must be determined by a physician based on the child's condition and laboratory values.
topical
Adults: Apply as needed to cleanse wounds, irrigate body cavities, or moisten surgical dressings. The frequency and duration of application depend on the clinical need.
Children: Apply as needed to cleanse wounds or moisten dressings. Use under adult supervision. The frequency and duration of application depend on the clinical need.
injectable
Adults: Dosage is highly individualized based on patient's fluid and electrolyte status, age, weight, and clinical condition. For 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (isotonic), typical rates range from 500 mL to 3 liters per 24 hours. For 3% Sodium Chloride Injection (hypertonic), typically 100 mL infused over 10-30 minutes, repeated as needed, with close monitoring of serum sodium levels.
Children: Dosage is highly individualized based on weight, age, and clinical condition. For 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (isotonic), typical initial bolus for dehydration is 20 mL/kg over 5-20 minutes. Hypertonic solutions require specialist guidance and strict monitoring due to the risk of rapid fluid shifts.
Side Effects
- Injection site reactions (pain, redness, swelling) - frequency varies
- Nasal irritation or dryness (with nasal drops) - occurs in 1-5% of users
- Eye irritation or stinging (with ophthalmic drops) - occurs in 1-5% of users
- Nausea or vomiting (with oral forms, especially if consumed rapidly) - occurs in <1% of users
Serious Side Effects
- Fluid overload and edema (swelling), particularly in patients with heart or kidney conditions - rare, but can be life-threatening
- Hypernatremia (high blood sodium levels), especially with hypertonic solutions or excessive intake - rare, but requires immediate medical attention
- Hypokalemia (low blood potassium levels) due to dilution with large volumes of sodium chloride solution - rare
- Metabolic acidosis (with large volumes of 0.9% sodium chloride) - rare
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing) - very rare
Contraindications
Sodium chloride is generally contraindicated in patients with severe hypernatremia (high blood sodium levels), fluid retention, or edema (e.g., severe heart failure, renal impairment, cirrhosis) unless specifically indicated and administered with extreme caution under strict medical supervision. Hypertonic solutions are contraindicated in patients with severe dehydration or conditions where rapid fluid shifts could be detrimental.
Drug Interactions
Significant drug interactions with physiological doses of sodium chloride are minimal. However, caution is advised with corticosteroids, as they can increase sodium and fluid retention. In patients taking lithium, changes in sodium intake or fluid status can affect lithium levels, potentially leading to toxicity or reduced efficacy; close monitoring of lithium levels is recommended. Diuretics may alter sodium excretion, requiring adjustment of sodium chloride intake.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Category: C
Isotonic sodium chloride solutions (0.9%) are frequently used in pregnancy for hydration and as a vehicle for administering medications and are generally considered safe. However, hypertonic sodium chloride solutions (e.g., 3%) should be used with caution and only when clearly indicated, under strict medical supervision, due to the potential for significant fluid and electrolyte imbalances in both the mother and fetus. Consult your doctor before use.
Storage
Store sodium chloride products at room temperature, typically between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F). Protect from freezing. Keep sachets dry and protected from moisture. Do not use injectable solutions if they are discolored, cloudy, or contain particulate matter. Discard any unused portion of injectable solutions after opening if not used immediately, as per aseptic technique guidelines.
Clinical Tips
For oral rehydration, always dissolve sodium chloride sachets in the exact amount of clean, potable water specified on the package; do not add sugar or other ingredients. When using nasal irrigation sachets, always use distilled, sterile, or previously boiled and cooled water to prevent infections. Do not use injectable solutions for home use unless specifically instructed and trained by a healthcare professional. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before using sodium chloride products, especially if you have underlying health conditions like heart failure, kidney disease, or high blood pressure.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is sodium chloride used for?
Sodium chloride is used for various purposes including replenishing body fluids and electrolytes, treating dehydration, relieving nasal congestion, and as a diluent for injectable medications. It helps maintain essential bodily functions.
Can I use sodium chloride nasal drops for my baby?
Yes, isotonic sodium chloride nasal drops are generally safe for infants and children to help clear nasal passages and relieve congestion. Always follow the product instructions or consult a pediatrician for appropriate use.
What should I do if I miss a dose of sodium chloride tablets?
If you are taking sodium chloride tablets for a specific medical condition and miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
Is sodium chloride safe during pregnancy?
Isotonic sodium chloride solutions are commonly used and generally considered safe during pregnancy for hydration. However, hypertonic solutions should only be used under strict medical supervision due to potential risks of electrolyte imbalance. Always consult your doctor.
How should I prepare sodium chloride sachets for oral rehydration?
Dissolve the contents of one sachet completely in the specified amount of clean, potable water (usually 200 mL or 240 mL, check product instructions). Stir well until dissolved. Do not add sugar or other ingredients. Consume the solution as directed by your doctor or pharmacist.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information provided is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting or changing any medication.